Better Health Starts Here.

You have found an empathic and supportive therapist. I work with adults and adolescents who have a variety of mental health issues such as: depression, anxiety, and various forms of traumatic issues. I do individual counseling and couple/family counseling. I apply the following clinical approaches: Cognitive Behavioral techniques, Motivational Interviewing, problem solving and REBT to help clints deal with thier issues. I also work with individuals who have chronic medical issues such as HIV/AIDS, diabetes, and cancer to help them deal effectively and cope with their overwhemeling medical condition(s). I help individuals who are feeling loss and hopeless with life learn how to begin a new journey to a new you.

My practice is multi-generational. I work with clients as young as 11 years of age up to over 100. I have two office sites, Farmington Hills, MI and Livonia, MI. I also do consulting work at a variety of nursing homes throughout the metro area. Currently I am seeing patients via tele-health during the COVID-19 crisis. I have seen a 4 yr old and a 104 year old patient in the same day. I use an eclectic therapy mode where I choose to use the therapeutic techniques that will work best for not only your psychological condition, but also matched to your personality style to ensure the fastest and most long-standing positive outcome.

All of my clients--whether individuals or couples--share one commom theme in their experience: they feel stuck and wish not to be. They feel stuck in how they have always addressed the same problem and feel hopeless about things changing for the better. It may be a perpetual, limiting, yet hard to identify thought pattern that feeds upon the feelings and actions it generates. It may simply be a bad habit that no one has thought to challenge or dared to question. The stuckness may stem from a long standing circumstances in your past that you have never felt completely free from. Or it may be something completely new that has you overwhelmed. Whatever the case may be for you, I invite you to contact me to see if I might be a good fit to help you get unstuck.

I have a full time private practice in Scottsdale, Arizona with specialties in ADD, trauma, general psychological issues, chemical dependence, and marriage and family issues. Besides general psychological talk therapy I am trained in hypnosis, EMDR, TFT, EFT, NET, Touch For Health, and all forms of energy psychology. I have been practicing psychotherapy for over 40 years and have worked with almost every population and specialty area. I have practiced hypnosis and counseling for over 40 years. He is the author of eight mental health educational videos and mental health DVDs, numerous hypnosis tapes and hypnosis CDs, and is currently writing a book on Distance Counseling and another book on Tri-Brain Trauma Therapy, which is the theory he has developed. Jef is State Licensed in General Counseling LPC (license # 0023), Marriage/Family MFT (license # 0090), and Substance Abuse LISAC (license # 0046) in Arizona. (Mental Health License Verification - Counseling License Verification). He is also a certified hypnotherapist. He is a member in good standing with ASCH, the American Society of Clinical Hypnosis, the International Society of Hypnosis, the National Board for Certified Clinical Hypnotherapists, the American Psychotherapy and Medical Hypnosis Association, and is a trained Ericksonian hypnotherapist. I am also the developer of ADD-care which is the only all natural supplement that works as well as the stimulants for ADD/ADHD. This is a complete all natural mental health supplement line that treats depression, anxiety, obsessive thoughts and compulsive actions, ADD, and general memory problems naturally. ADD-care was studied at the Amen Clinic against the stimulants and met or beat their performance in most areas of the brain and with performance tests.

Things don't always go the way we think they will. We might lose something, or someone, that means a lot to us. We might find it difficult to understand why we're behaving differently. Or it might be an unfamiliar feeling that we just can't seem to shake off. Sometimes, we need a bit of held to understand what's going on, and that's where MINDWORK comes in. When you visit MINDWORK you and I will spend some time each week increasing your self- awareness and helping you gain more insight into your inner-life. We'll work together so you can get more out of every day and meet any challenge life throws at you.

Dr. Bita Tebyani is a licensed Psychologist in Beverly Hills, California. Her Practice includes Couple's Psychotherapy and Individual Psychotherapy for Adults, Adolescents and Children. Bita Tebyani, Psy.D specializes in Substance Abuse and Addiction recovery, Eating Disorders, Trauma, Grief Recovery, Depression and Anxiety, Divorce Recovery, High Conflict Situation, Relationship Problems, Reunification Therapy. Dr. Tebyani is certified in EMDR. She has experience in working with children with special needs, ADHD and Autism Spectrum and offers Consultation for Parenting and Co-Parenting matters. In addition to her Private Practice, Bita Tebyani, Psy.D. is a Child Custody Mediator and trained in Forensic Psychology. Dr. Bita Tebyani can be retained for Expert Witness Services.

I am a Licensed Marriage and Family Therapist, Licensed Psychiatric Technician, and Masters level Addictions Counselor in Pasadena, California. Since 1984, I’ve been providing mental health services for adults and adolescents in both inpatient and/or outpatient settings. As such, I have a varied experience with abuse, trauma, depression, grief/loss, issues of personal growth, relationships, stress, and mental illness. During that time I have also worked extensively with addictions (of all types) and related issues (“co-dependency”, eating disorders, alcoholism, dual diagnosis…). My responsibilities have ranged from Licensed Psychiatric Technician (where much of my experience in mental health and medications comes from), to Program Director. Currently I am in private practice, life coaching, teaching, providing clinical supervision to prelicensed therapists, providing some staff training and consultation.

I'm a senior clinical psychologist who helps couples during the worst of times. My specialty is working with couples who haven't been helped by other couples therapists. 81% of therapists surveyed say that they work with couples, however only 12% have ever taken a formal course in the subject. I've spent my professional career working as a clinical member of the American Association of Marriage and Family Therapy, the premier organization for those practicing marital therapy. I've been a sex therapist at the highest level (Diplomate) for over thirty years. More recently, I completed the most advanced training in Gottman Method Couples Therapy, a way of working with couples that has over 35 years behind it. ...and hard science. Couples come to see me for many reasons: • A couple is fighting a lot and it impacts the overall tone of the marriage My job is to teach you about destructive patterns and how to break the cycle. I'm active, direct, and help you to put your energies toward change. Research demonstrates that these patterns can and do change. • There is no pleasure in it, or sex feels mechanical. Sometimes things don't work well when you do have sex, or you hate the body you are living in. Let me put my thirty years of helping couples and teaching sex at a graduate level work for you. Become closer, work through a trauma past, and make sex become alive and pleasurable again. • You've have, or are about to consult a lawyer about getting a divorce, but wonder if Last Shot Couples Therapy could help. Did you know the severity of the problems have little relationship to the outcome of a marriage 5 years later? The majority of couples who had serious difficulties, like affairs, job loss, or intense arguments labeled themselves as "happy" 5 years later? They were tougher than their problems. Are you? Would you like to be? • You think so differently. It hard to relate. Aspergers, Trauma history, even Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder present very different perspectives. One is an artist, the other a scientist. But the fights might seem to be around parenting, but they are actually about world views. I work with couples who "think differently." Perhaps they come from different cultures. Or the same culture but now live in the USA. Choose a psychologist who respects these real differences in perspectives or cognitive processing, and is enthusiastic about making the love relationship work for you.

I have a group private practice at 2 practice locations, serving Delaware, Ohio and Venice, Florida . I have a diverse population of clients that I work with including both adults and children. I work with children with ADHD, ODD, PTSD, Abuse & Neglect Issues, Divorce, and Behavioral Problems. I work with Adults who are suffering from Depression, Marital Issues, Anger Management, and Mental Health Issues. I accept most insurances and will use a sliding fee scale when needed. I am a very neutral and nonjudgemental person with over 15 years experience working with children and families to help them overcome their issues.

Success for Steps is a consulting agency serving the needs of today's stepfamilies. Founded by Christina Roach, the goal of Success for Steps is to recognize the experiences of those living in step relationships and assist in making those experiences the best possible. With this aim, Christina is committed to each and every one of her clients as evident in the services she provides. Our passion is to help individuals, couples, and families make their experience in 'step' a successful one. We do this through providing education, awareness, and supportive counseling & coaching to help these relationships become stronger and thrive. Whether you are a stepparent, step-grandparent, child, or biological parent living in step, Success for Steps works with you in finding effective solutions that fit your life. During her graduate studies, Christina Roach realized that traditional marital and family therapy models offered little to no emphasis on the unique dynamics of stepfamilies; what makes Success for Steps unique is that we have a distinct focus on stepfamilies. STEPMOM SUPPORT GROUP held every month!

As a psychotherapist serving Newport Beach, Costa Mesa, Laguna Beach and Newport Coast I work with couples and individuals who are experiencing relationship problems, depression, anxiety, grief, effects of trauma, and marital issues. Change does not occur easily and yet I continue to be inspired each day by the courage and motivation of the people I work with to challenge patterns that repeatedly cause heartache and turmoil, the effects of trauma from the past, and the problematic issues of daily living. No matter what the issue is, the most important aspect of therapy is developing a comfortable and trusting relationship with your therapist. I work in a way that provides that for each of my patients. So, If you're tired of the way your life is going, or if there are certain aspects that you know need some attention, I'd like to talk with you to see how I may be able to support you through your therapeutic process. I am caring, understanding and easy to talk to, and I provide a safe, comfortable place for you. I specialize in helping people live more fulfilling lives in their family, relationships and worklife. I also help people with increasing their confidence, as well as working through the effects of trauma, and issues from the past.

Having better relationships is the focus of my practice. I work with individuals and couples to help explore issues that get in their way. Sometimes it's simply a matter of learning better communication skills. Sometimes there are past hurts that are creating the obstacles. Together we can develop a plan to help you reach your goals. I also specialize in Grief Therapy. The death of a loved one or unexpected relationship changes are profound losses. But there are other loses besiders death: divorce, moving to a new town, aging, empty nest syndrome, and the list goes on.I have a special interest in women's issues, especially women who have experienced early mother loss.lives. Besides seeing clients in private practice, I am a Professor of Marriage and Family Therapy at California State University, Dominguez Hills. I teach Human Communication and Legal and Ethical Issues of Counseling to therapists, social workers, and psychology graduate students. If you want to improve your relationship with both yourself and others, let's begin a dialogue and see if it's a good fit.

Every Saturday, I do a free demonstration on Zoom of my practical approach to psychotherapy at 9 AM Eastern. I take a volunteer and discuss a problem, and I show them how to change their emotional and behavioral reactions to the adversity they face. I help people change their thoughts, feelings, and behaviors to address their problems more effectively. Observing my work will help you see how I teach people practical solutions to their problems. Write to me to get the Zoom link view the free audio and video on this sensible approach to therapy. Do your homework before you choose your therapist. Psychotherapy is more than a confidential relationship where you vent week after week. I teach you skills and ideas you can use for the rest of your life to cope with life's most difficult challenges.

I specialize in and successfully work with individuals and couples who want to explore and make changes in areas such as depression, anxiety, addiction and recovery, low self-esteem, relationships, and improving communication. Psychotherapy is a collaboration between the client and the therapist, working together to help you achieve your goals. Individual Psychotherapy My clients are usually adults who are intelligent, questioning, and insightful. They have many strengths and skills but find themselves either facing things they don't want (worry, depression, communication problems) or feeling blocked in achieving things they do want (career change, a good relationship, more self-confidence). We will work together to understand what is going on, how your present situation may have gotten to where it is now, and how you would like to see things evolve in the future. Patterns that were useful or even necessary in earlier parts of your life may be getting your way now. Sometimes the simple act of hearing yourself discuss your thoughts and concerns with a caring, nonjudgmental professional helps untangle some "emotional knots." People are capable of amazing changes and accomplishments; counseling can help you realize the best in yourself. An initial assessment appointment is about 90 minutes long; other counseling sessions after that are 45 to 50 minutes each. Weekly appointments are a good idea, at least in the beginning, in order to build a therapeutic relationship and get some momentum on dealing with your issues. How long a course of counseling lasts depends on a number of factors including how you perceive the problems, their severity and length of persistence, and even such outside elements as childcare or work schedules. A person often "knows" when a problem or situation has been resolved. Couples Counseling Couples who love and care about each other can sometimes experience difficulties. You might realize that it's harder to talk to your partner about your real feelings or concerns. You might notice that arguments (often about the same topics) are getting more intense or happening more frequently. You may be feeling that life events (work-related stress, a new baby, an illness,) have overwhelmed your relationship. You may have tried to work things out together on your own; but the changes don't seem to last very long, or you both end up more angry and frustrated than if you didn't try at all. You might be married, living together, dating, or deciding whether making a serious commitment is what you are looking for. This is where couples counseling can make a difference. With the guidance of a warm, genuine, and experienced counselor, you can develop improved communication skills, learn to set necessary boundaries, learn to clarify your needs & healthy ways to meet them, and practice expressing difficult thoughts and feelings in less explosive ways. You'll be reminded and encouraged about the strengths and positive qualities that brought the two of you together in the first place. The supportive counseling environment makes dealing with the problematic parts more tolerable. Couples counseling will also explore each person's understanding of the family they grew up in and how their familial experiences and expectations mesh with those of their partner. Very frequently, some significant issues are still quite alive in the current relationship; having a map of the "minefields" can help you work things out before they get out of control. An initial couples assessment is about 90 minutes long; subsequent sessions are one hour. The couple and counselor work together to plan the course of the treatment and the goals.

My work with adults includes individual therapy with men and women, couples counseling, marriage counseling, and family counseling. Sometimes individuals have needs related to work, stress, childhood issues, or relationships. I want to help. Life can be very difficult at times, and a caring therapist who listens and understands can be very important in helping with the changes that life sometimes requires of us. My hope is that ABC can be your oasis, a place where you find just what your heart needs to get you over the rough spots. I understand that in all relationships there is conflict. If you spend enough time with anyone, conflicts will naturally arise. I strive to help couples manage conflict in a manner that is much more positive than negative, and create a relationship of hope and freshness. If you are struggling in your relationship, maybe it’s time to spend some time with a trained, experienced counselor who will understand you and your loved one, and accept you where you are. Working with children: I meet with parents to assess their child's needs, make a plan to meet those needs, and provide therapy and support. That support includes communication with parents about the issues of parenting their unique child, The first session is for adults only. This is a time for your child’s therapist to hear your family's history, the unique story of your child, and to look together at what your child needs. It is not always necessary to know how your child has developed the emotional or behavioral issues he has, but it is important to discover ways to change or work with those issues. My commitment to parents is that I will be available for input. Being a parent is a tremendously difficult task. It is my hope that with counseling, guidance, and the right type of encouragement, parenting can be fun again for you.

Are you hurting and feeling alone, with painful or damaged relationships due to trauma you (or your children) have endured? Do you wonder if life can ever be different or if there is hope for you? YOU ARE NOT ALONE. THERE IS HOPE. Welcome to Tamar Counseling Sevices. I specialize in helping you resolve traumatic and painful experiences from a trauma-informed lens, within a neurobiological and attachment framework. I am certified and experienced in EMDR, an empirically validated treatment approach with the highest success rate in treatment of trauma. I am also trained in and provide Brainspotting, another sub-cortical trauma treatment approach that emerged from EMDR. I am a certified yoga teacher with specialized training in Trauma Sensitive Yoga, an evidence-based somatic treatment which helps to ground and empower survivors of chronic abuse. The approach we take with your treatment will be tailored to your specific needs, strengths, interest, and comfort through collaborative discussion and as you feel ready. It is my passion to help others grow from victim to victorious survivor, helping you to resolve dissonance between your beliefs and your experiences, facilitate harmony between thoughts and emotions, and create empowerment by strengthening internal and external supports. I have walked this road, and I have helped many others navigate successfully and safely down this seemingly unsurpassable road, too. Healing is possible. Freedom awaits at the other side.

“If we want to help our clients to realize themselves as more complete true human beings, we must ourselves have the courage to risk the dangers of being human.” –Laura Perls- If your life isn’t what you’d like it to be, if you are burdened by feelings of unhappiness, or if you are just not happy, then therapy can help you to feel more supported and better understood. My approach is to provide you with a safe and respectful environment where you can be yourself, your true self. Therapy is about growth and realizing your idea of a complete and satisfying life. Get to know the many different sides of yourself, learn to appreciate all of yourself and explore the risk of taking new steps in order to heal old wounds. I specialize in working with LGBTQ youth and adults, people in the coming out process and those who are dealing with difficulties with their family due to the different choices they made in their life’s. My goal is to help you face the pain and struggles you hide from. Let’s address them together and start the process towards a life full of abundant happiness you deserve. I am fluent in English, German, and Dutch. Free 20 minute initial consultation upon request.

Platinum Life Counseling's mission is to make Therapy Fun and Fabulous while enriching your life. Don't make the same Mistakes your Parent's made. Learn how to Create a Better Legacy. The philosophy of Platinum Life Counseling, LLC is to provide therapeutic consultation services to individuals, couples, families, and organizations in order to enable and empower positive changes in their lives, environment, and circumstances.We offer compassionate and professional counseling for individuals, couples, and families.Please call or email to schedule an appointment today.

Are you feeling anxiety, stress, depression, or struggling in your relationships? Do you struggle with body image concerns or eating disorders? If so, you are not alone. These are often due to struggles of everyday life. Ask yourself the questions below and keep reading to see how together we can help you develop the skills you need to better cope with these issues. Do you worry more than most people? Have you had a panic attack? Do you obsess over certain things? Do you avoid certain situations due to anxiety? Does your anxiety prevent you from doing the things you want to do? Are you typically tense and on edge? Are you always on alert? If you have answered yes to these questions you may suffer from anxiety. As a therapist I can teach you ways to identify the thoughts, feelings and actions that maintain your anxiety. In therapy we will work on ways to change them. In addition I will teach you ways to cope with and manage your stress. Life is full of normal ups and downs. But if you have been feeling sad almost every day, most of the day for longer than 2 weeks and you are having difficulty with your normal life functioning, you may have symptoms of depression. Are you feeling sad and blue? Do you have difficulty finding enjoyment out of life? Have you had recent weight loss or weight gain? Are you having trouble with sleep? Loss of energy Difficulty concentrating or making decisions? Thoughts of suicide? If you have answered yes to several of these questions, and are feeling overwhelmed, it’s time to seek help. I will help you to understand the cause of your depression and teach you ways to improve your mood. Is your relationship in trouble? Does it lack passion? Is there constant conflict in your relationship? Do you have difficulty attaining or maintaining relationships? Are you having trouble with communication? Have you or your partner engaged in an affair? Do you seem to keep ending up with someone who ultimately disappoints you? If so, you may benefit from couples or marriage counseling. You may benefit from couples counseling if you answer yes to any of these questions. Together we can help you identify your sources of trouble. Then I can teach you the skills necessary to meet your relationship needs and improve intimacy. Do you feel depressed or uncomfortable with your appearance? Do you spend too much time worrying about what you look like? Do you replay the same negative thoughts about your body over and over in your mind? Do you evaluate your self-worth primarily by your appearance? Do you binge eat or purge? Do you severely restrict your calorie intake? Do you over exercise? Most of us have some minor dissatisfaction with the way we look. However, if you have answered yes to several of the above questions you may have poor body image or an eating disorder. When these concerns greatly impact our mood, life functioning, or intimacy in our relationships, it is time to seek help. I can help you understand the reasons behind your poor body image/eating disorder such as negative beliefs, media influences, family influences, interpersonal influences, or past abuse. Then we can work on ways to help you develop a healthy body image. Many people are reluctant to contact a therapist because they feel something needs to be seriously wrong with them. However, that is far from the truth. Most of the people who seek my services are well functioning adults that are going through a difficult time in life. If you are struggling within your relationships, having trouble dealing with strong emotions, or not functioning as well as you have in the past, you may find it beneficial to speak with a professional. Reaching out for help is actually a sign of strength.

Are bitter arguments killing the love and respect you once felt for each other? Are you losing sleep, crying too much, or blowing up "for no reason"? Do you yell at the kids and later berate yourself for being a "bad" parent? Chronic arguing and lack of affection can leave us feeling depressed and irritable, with no hope for the future, little energy or pleasure in daily activities, and lack of desire to move closer to the ones we love. In tough times like these, talking with an impartial person in a confidential setting can be a relief and a source of new perspective. I have helped people like you work through challenges such as marital and workplace discord, parent/child conflict, suicidal thoughts, excessive anger, low self-esteem, infidelity and broken trust, ineffective communication, suicidal thoughts, processing rape or other traumas, and adjustment to divorce, death of loved one, job loss, or return from military service.

Do traumas from your past keep you stuck? Does depression, anxiety or worry prevent you from enjoying the life you want and deserve? I can help. I have over twenty years of experience helping individuals and couples resolve emotional pain and get on the path to healthier, happier lives. I over a safe, peaceful atmosphere where you can explore issues that prevent you from achieving your goals. My practice combines cognitive, behavioral therapy with EMDR.. You have heard the saying, "Life is what happens while you're making other plans." These unexpected life events bring a variety of challenges to both our personal and professional life causing concerns that can overwhelm us. My counseling commitment is to join you in a partnership where together we can achieve methods to reach a healthier and happier lifestyle. By exploring thoughts, feelings and behaviors related to life's challenges we can: develop new understandings, consider new choices, gain strength and confidence and move in a direction that will aid in achieving realistic goals.

My practice is a unique type of practice. I am a firm believer that 2 heads are better than one. So, I have decided to form a group network of therapists who collaborate together to provide the best services that we can offer! We do more than just one therapist can do alone. I hired a team of licensed therapists who could work together, each offering a unique perspective, training and expertise, enabling us all to be able to provide you with better trained, skilled and experienced clinicians because we cross-train each other! We discuss case issues and collaborate to offer superior services to our clientele! For example, I am the owner and director of LA Therapy Network. I am a feminist therapist, have special knowledge and experience helping women in transitions and transitional ages, am expert in the treatment of trauma and trauma related syndromes, and I have over 25 years working with alternative families, adolescents, women and various sexual and gender variant communities. I am especially knowledgeable about women's issues, sex crimes, impact of sudden deaths, teen issues and the GLBTQI communities. I am trained in the treatment of extreme forms of trauma and chronic, repeated abuse/violence. If you are a person dealing with rape, incest or sexual abuse/violence for example, I am ideal therapist to contact. However I don't have as much experience in the treatment of couples, but I do have 2 therapists who are excellent at treating couples! So, if you are a gay male couple who is seeking a sensitive therapist who has an expertise in trauma you may seek me out. I will consult with my colleagues who treat couples to ensure that I am providing you with better care. I have ready access to therapists who are more knowledgeable and thus you benefit! Whereas if I were in practice on my own, you'd be left to getting only my knowledge and you'd have to hope I knew enough about what I was doing. This is really the truth about individual private practices. A therapist only is as good as his/her training. And let’s face it, there is only so much one can focus their training on. Thus... a group network of therapists makes all of us better! I make sure that every therapist here has different training, expertise and approaches and understandings of how to help clients. That way we all benefit... and that means we can pass our skills as a team onto you! It’s like getting an entire skilled clinical team of experts in one therapist! In addition, let’s say there are situations where I want to refer you out to seek additional services. Often I am just going to refer you to another member of my team. That way you are going to get a better chance of us collaborating closely together! Not so if I were just working on my own. I'd send you out to another professional who is working solo as well. The truth is we won't talk a lot. That means you as the customer get less than ideal care. That’s the whole idea of why I formed LATN, LA Therapy Network!

I provide a safe environment and use an active, forthright style to help you: * Get to the heart of the problems you are facing and make changes that matter * "Rewire" emotional and body triggers so you have more peace and well-being, less pain * Change old patterns and meet life challenges in new ways * Use existing conflict to breathe new life into relationships (Lesbian and Gay clients welcome) * Heal wounds from trauma, abuse and neglect * Relieve anxiety and panic, cure phobias * Change feelings of emptiness and worthlessness * Deal with stress, depression, and excessive anger * Explore sexual concerns and dysfunction * Move through grief, including divorce recovery and pet loss Psychotherapy helps heal DEPRESSION, ANXIETY DISORDERS (PTSD, panic attacks, phobias), RELATIONSHIP ISSUES (such as poor communication, anger and sexual problems), TRAUMA (emotional, physical or sexual abuse, other upsetting experiences), GRIEF, STRESS and promotes PERSONAL DEVELOPMENT. I practice an approach that supports: * LEARNING TO MEET LIFE'S CHALLENGES WITH INCREASING MENTAL AND EMOTIONAL FLEXIBILITY. * FACING PROBLEMS WITH CURIOUSITY AND INCREASED PRESENCE OF MIND, RATHER THAN WITH OLD BEHAVIOR PATTERNS, ALLOWING NEW POSSIBILITIES AND OPPORTUNITIES TO EMERGE. * RESPONDING TO INEVITABLE FAILURES (BY SELF AND OTHERS) WITH ACCOUNTABILITY AND COMPASSION, NOT BLAME.

Serving the wellness and relationship needs of diverse (including interracial, LGBT) couples civilian and military. I provide counseling and coaching at your home or online. I also provide speaking, training, and consulting services for business, school, and military events and conferences in the areas of cultural diversity, relationship health, parenting, and child wellness. Care for Couples: The majority of same-gender relationships are oftentimes fatally vulnerable to social stresses. We will explore the unexamined, private, moment-to-moment messages that may be impeding connection and intimacy. We will examine the individual (and those of the relationship) developed patterns that act as a kind of immunization against the social toxins of society's stereotypes, prejudices, and outright discrimination. Most importantly help identify and manage the stressors that are experienced physiologically and psychologically that often causes tension and emotional dysfunction in relationships leading to emptiness, distance, and sometimes a complete breakdown of the partnership. Care for Adolescent Males: Counseling may be helpful for teens that are uncomfortable with aspects of their sexuality or uncertain about how to express it. They may benefit from support and the opportunity to clarify their feelings. Therapy may also help the teen adjust to personal, family, and school-related issues or conflicts that emerge. Therapy directed specifically at changing homosexual orientation is not recommended and may be harmful for an unwilling teen. It may create more confusion and anxiety by reinforcing the negative thoughts and emotions with which the child is already struggling. I provide culturally sensitive assessments and treatment to decrease misdiagnosis when considering behavioral, mood, and sexuality disorders of G/L/B/T adolescents. Two of the goals of treatment will be to decrease number of youth experimenting with drugs and alcohol in order to cope with the many stressors as they navigate through the cultural, social, hetero-biased, political, and religious landscapes towards self-actualization. HIV Care I offer collaborative client care to help men living with HIV to help them to continue working, make healthy lifestyle choices, eliminate behaviors that are detrimental to both their physical and mental health, and to improve quality of life and need for increased medications and hospitalization. Services may be covered in full or in part by your health insurance or employee benefit plan. Call your human resources department at work or your current health insurance provider to ask: • If you have mental health insurance benefits? • What do you have to pay? • How many sessions are you covered for in a 12 month period? • What is the amount your insurance will pay per counseling/therapy session? • Do you have to get approval from your primary care physician before your insurance will pay for your counseling sessions?

Do you wonder if you and your partner are growing apart? Do you keep having the same argument, without anything changing? Do you feel like giving up? Sometimes the feelings that bring couples together get lost in the struggles of everyday life. Learn how to resolve conflicts and share feelings without arguing. Create deeper intimacy instead of distance. Grow together instead of drifting apart. I work with couples and individuals to help them grow together and stay together. I would like to help you and your partner develop a more loving relationship.

We all must struggle as we go through life. Yet, I see humans as remarkable and find that we can effectively handle many complex problems when we feel supported and understood. Thus, I offer a non-judgmental environment in which to explore your relationship with the world, the self, and important others in your life. If you choose to come see me, together we will try to better understand the issues you face and how you experience the world. Along the way, we will build new skills and make new meaning together. While I work with a wide range of issues, I specialize in anxiety and mood disorders, adult giftedness issues, and couples/family dynamics (including LGTB dynamics). My therapy approach is integrative, which allows me to better account for each client's personalized way of being in the world and design a treatment plan that is uniquely tailored to the way the issues at hand are being experienced by you. I often start with the most urgent need, like a problematic behavior, and work towards a deeper understanding of the problem experiences, like thoughts, feelings, and values surrounding the issues. My favorite techniques are those that combine mindfulness based cognitive therapies with existential explorations of the self. As a marriage and family therapist, I most enjoy working with the Satir Model to address relational functioning. This model suggests that when safety to be authentic is absent in a family or couple, there is often a sense of being trapped or stuck that can increase conflict, encourage poor choice selection, decrease self esteem, and increase negative thinking. When safety to be authentic is present, there is an overall sense of well being that allows for better conflict management, positive meaning making, good self esteem, and more fulfilling choice selection. Goals of the model are to increase awareness, acceptance, responsibility, and positive thinking and communication skills so problems can be solved more effectively and harmoniously. I have found couples in particular to benefit from the model and be able to deepen partner intimacy by improving acceptance of each other and improving communication about the self.

We are honored that you are considering our counseling center to help you -something I believe our staff at CPA does very well. Our mission is simple: Help our clients improve their lives. A quick look at our client comments tells you that we are effective at that. Do you know what its like to be understood? To feel completely safe to talk about anything without being judged? Our staff provides that every session. I cannot say enough about this staff. They are a group of down-to-earth, highly skilled, good-natured therapists doing great work with great people. Our clients understand that when they come to us for help, they get a full package of treatment, ideas, and support. If you have any questions about our clinic or about our staff, please contact me via email or phone. I’d be more than happy to answer any questions you may have. We look forward to helping you.

I have had over 30 years experience,working with teens,adults,alterative lifestyles and those having relational issues both in families and indivuals.I was trained at the Alfred Adler Institue as well as the Philadelpia College of Osteopathic.I attended both Johns Hopkins and Harvard to study Brain theory and how it impacts on counseling and therapy.I have an office in Hazlet JMA Counseling and Therapy LLC I do home visits in southern ocean county,which has been quite successful,I see people from Forked River to Egg Harbor Township.You will see me as a empathetic and compassionate,if you come to me I will work very hard with you so that you leave feeling someone really cares about you. My focus of practice is eclectic,depending upon what your needs may be you will have a feeling of comfort in time and all my energies will focus on your well being. I treat depression ,bi-poplar,autistic,anger management,family relationship issues as well as individual.I also consult with parents of special education who are having problems with their local school boards and need someone to represent them.My other areas of expertse is in PTSD,sexual issues adult and teens,and lastly working with those living the alternate like style:gays,lesbians relationship issues partner married or indidivual as well as teens who may be confused as to who they are,my success rate in all my experience is a solid 95%. If you are looking for a non-judgemental,caring therapist,than please get in touch,we can work out reasonable fees,based on economic status.

I receive great satisfaction from helping individuals and couples resolve issues that are causing distress. In a safe space while learning practical tools, our work together creates healing and resolution. I use EMDR (eye movement desensitization reprocessing) to resolve traumatic events as well as negative thoughts which keep you from reaching your full potential. The Enneagram of personality types helps create a deeper self understanding and compassion for others in your life. Mindfullness is another important aspect of how I work; learning relaxation and stress reduction techniques are beneficial to leading a healthy life.

If you are in a relationship or a marriage and wish more tools to effectively and lovingly connect in meaningful ways, I can assist you. I am a certified Imago Relationship Therapist (advanced clinician). If you are an individual wish to move to a better state of emotional, mental and spiritual wellbeing and to move through issues, I am happy to assist you with a variety of methods that best suit you. These methods might include talk therapy, mindfulness meditation, Heart Math for stress reduction, art, or EMDR, and sometimes yoga. EMDR has been very successful as a tool to assist those wanting to work through traumatic events and issues so that you can be freed from the pain and triggers from the past. Psychosynthesis principles that assume that each person has a wise self within and that we can move to greater states of integration and wellbeing underlie my work as a therapist.

My overall goal is to facilitate personal insight to help you achieve the inner peace and balance you need to be the person you want to be. I have a genuine interest in providing a safe and confidential space free of judgment to assist individuals and families cope with life’s stressors. At a pace based on your needs, we will work together to develop strategies and skills built on your strengths, personality, and experience to help you be the person you want to be. The treatment I provide is unique to each client and is designed to help you achieve the balance and peace in your life that you deserve.

My first question to any new client is, “How will you know when therapy is over?” This helps us both to define the goals of therapy. Together, we’ll focus on solutions to problems, and build on the strengths already there. I’ve been a therapist for children, adults, and families on the North Shore for ten years. My private practice is located in Glenview, Illinois and I work with families and individuals from the surrounding communities including Northbrook, Northfield, Deerfield, Glencoe, and Highland Park as well. I work with clients on issues including anxiety, trauma, divorce, separation, loss, depression, asperger’s, and other spectrum disorders. I provide a safe and relaxing environment that’s designed to help facilitate healing and change.

Specializing in holistic stress management, post-traumatic stress disorder, obsessive compulsive disorder, depression, anxiety, phobias, infertility and other medically related stress conditions. With The Chicago Stress Relief Center, Inc. (CSRC), you learn to transform stress into innovative solutions. After a thorough evaluation, an individualized approach is developed with the goal of assisting you to achieve your personal vision. Our holistic philosophy aims at empowering you to calm the often chaotic forces that can grip your mind, body and emotions. Our strategy brings forth a healthy balance and greater satisfaction in life. By developing a new relationship with stress, you are able to achieve a passionate sense of purpose and a deep comfort and appreciation for yourself. CSRC Services: Traditional and Alternative Psychotherapy Energy Medicine Herbal and Homeopathy Floatation Therapy FIR Sauna Massage therapy including cranial sacral, deep tissue and stress relief massage Reduce physical distress through visualization, meditation and relaxation training Freedom from panic, anxiety and phobias Comfort from grief, loss and depression Coping with natural transitions in life Calming the storms associated with traumatic stress conditions Developing intimacy and long-lasting relationships Marital Counseling Relief from stress related conditions including, infertility, ulcers, high blood pressure, headaches and chronic pain Individual, family and group counseling

Advanced practitioner, over 60 years, fellow of American Association of Marriage & Family Therapists, Registry of Marriage Friendly Therapists, ABECSW Diplomate & certified in treatment of children & their parents. Orientation is strength based therapy helping individuals & couples to overcome problem saturated stories & relationships with problems. Conducted smoke cessation treatment in both group & individual formats.

Are you experiencing some of the following challenges: difficulty with boundaries, asserting yourself, low confidence & self esteem? Having trouble figuring out how to hold onto yourself in a relationship? Negotiate conflict within it? Find yourself saying "I (or we!) deserve better" ... Life can sometimes be painful (especially relationships!), and things can feel tough. However, life’s pain can often be the necessary CATALYST for positive growth and empowerment! In my experience, growth requires delving into three distinct areas: PATTERNS Learning what you do, and why you do it. PROCESS Accepting and working through emotions. PRACTICE Applying insight to new behaviors and action. What I offer is unique: part therapist, and part coach. I am passionate about empowering clients through the challenges of life and relationships. You are the expert! I am a fellow traveller that brings knowledge and compassion to help guide your path of self-discovery, healing, intimacy and change. Many people encounter challenges in holding on to themselves in the relationships in their lives, and figuring out how to navigate communication, compromise, and conflict. Much of this stems from what we learned in the families we grew up in, which often bumps up against what our significant others have learned in their families. Our work together will shine a compassionate light on past family patterns, as well as current patterns, so that you are empowered with a choice: keep those patterns …or create new, more effective patterns.

The saying "An examined life is not worth living" always comes to mind when I encounter an individual who is mired down in problems and unable to find happiness. That you are visiting this page tells me you have already embarked on a path to address the issues that are stopping you from moving forward. In a warm and safe environment I can provide you with the tools you need to indeed live the life you wish to live. Together we can explore and uncover the obstacles that prevent you from enjoying the relationships you deserve along with the dreams and goals you want to pursue. INDIVIDUAL THERAPY While I use many different approaches in therapy, including talk therapy, I work through an attachment lens which means that sometimes it is important to explore one's past to see how it affects you in the present. I believe everyone benefits from finding new options to address previously self-defeating patterns. I also like to incorporate mindfulness practices into my therapeutic work. My clients have observed that their overall functioning has dramatically improved by practicing mindfulness in their daily lives. COUPLES When two individuals come together I am often reminded of the expression, "the road to hell is paved with good intentions." Relationships require nurturing and attention and sometimes with the best of intentions, couples drift apart or arrive at an impasse. I am marriage friendly, LGBTQ friendly, and believe that most couples have the ability to work out their dissatisfaction with one another. Much of the time, with commitment and a desire to rekindle long-lost feelings, couples, with the help of therapy, can master the communications skills they need to find emotional safety and connection in their relationship.

Licensed and practicing for over 22 years, my specialties include helping clients with depression, anxiety, addiction, grief and life transitions, overcoming creative blocks, the challenges of aging and illness, Mindfulness Practice and positive action. My work with couples focuses on clarity, understanding, compassion, and the developmental stages of long-term relationships My fee is $130 per session with some flexibility based on income. I am an In-Network provider for most insurance companies (check your plan).

JOHN D. RIVERA, LCSW As a therapist and person of diversity I cannot claim to share everyones unique experiences. What I offer is a therapist who can apply the years of education, skills, and clinical experience with openness, compassion and respect for your uniqueness. Our therapy together holds an opportunity to connect through our shared experience of diversity now matter how different. Often my patients share accounts of finding and working with therapist who truly understand them. In their stories I hear the frustration and disappointment around stereotyping, misgendering, and blindness to the individuals cultural identity. Much of my work has focused on the experiences of first or second generation immigrants in the United States. On the positive side my work with these patients has provided an opportunity for the patient and myself to look at the components of their unique identities, thought patterns, influences, and diversity to explore how these factors impact their experience of the here and now.

Of course you are affected by your loved one's behaviors. How could you not be? It makes perfect sense that you would want to support and give to the dear ones in your life. But sometimes focusing on other people can become a problem. Especially if prioritizing others and trying to anticipate their needs before they've even voiced them has been the main source of one's validation, praise, even identity. This pattern can stand in the way of your success if it leaves no energy for your personal development. People can find themselves feeling lost and lonely in their own lives. Feeling purposeless, unmotivated, drifting, can be signs that something is wrong. Because in study after study, human beings have shown themselves to be overwhelmingly drawn to work they are passionate about, motivated to be part of making a difference, endlessly creative when given the right circumstances, wanting to make connections Often people don't talk about the way they are feeling because they're afraid of the stigma of DEPRESSION, what if that's what they're feeling? Perhaps, but most of the time there are simple Life Skills missing in these instances and with a few simple evidence-based tools in hand there can be major change. A person can see themselves having more success in communication in general, but specifically in negotiating what they need at their jobs to make it worthwhile for them to be there. They can see themselves suddenly not paralyzed when major things don't go as planned because they know how to talk themselves through it, who to reach out to for help, and how to take care of themselves until they feel better enough to make decisions from a healthier emotional/mental state. They are able to put into play a few regular practices that support self connection and develop emotional intelligence allowing them to think on their feet, experience and identify emotion in the moment and not have to act on it, see and articulate choice and so many other emotional intelligence capacities. If you are experiencing difficulty in personal relationships, finding it hard to function at work or in the rest of your life, experiencing either a confused, dissociated state or an extreme loss of motivation, struggles with self-esteem, a chronic self criticism, not acknowledging your successes or thinking you have none? You can stop feeling badly that you struggle with these things. They are often part of a set of behavioral symptoms that has points to a lack of Life Skills, one of those repurposed words, which means several things: *you aren't alone *you are ok *you can feel better because there is help, support, and these skills can be learned There's no reason to struggle alone with this any longer. I offer free consultations so you can call and schedule one today. 415-378-7506

I'm an ordained clergywoman, have a Dr. of Ministry degree, endorsed by the Cooperative Baptist Fellowship, a KY Licensed Pastoral Counselor, and credentialed a an ACPE Psychotherapist. I'm qualified to offer pastoral care, pastoral counseling and pastoral psychotherapy, and life coaching. Pastoral counseling calls for the integration of psychology and spirituality/religion when applicable to the Client. My own theology is moderate and leans to the left. While I'm a Christian attending Highland Baptist Church, I've also been trained to work with those of other faith traditions. In addition, Clients are accepted as they are; some Clients aren't in need of a spiritual/religious emphasis in their therapy, and I use a more secular approach with them. In addition to offering therapy, I also offer clinical supervision and train others in the art of pastoral counseling. Training is at the post-doctoral level and prepares those who desire licensure in the Commonwealth of Kentucky.

I believe in taking a holistic approach to counseling. Since most issues are interrelated, positive change in one area begins a ripple effect of change in others. My training and over 25 years of clinical experience is diverse, addressing issues related to relationship problems, anxiety, depression, addictions, trauma, grief and stress. In addition, I offer two women's groups and an individualized Anger Management Program. Since 1995, I have been an Adjunct Assistant Professor of Human Relations at the University of Oklahoma. Courses taught include, Understanding Addictions, Stress Management, Chemical Dependency, Human Emotions and Advanced Counseling Skills. One of the most effective interventions I use is Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing, (EMDR). It is enormously successful in treating PTSD and is often used with complicated grief issues. EMDR came to Oklahoma in the aftermath of the Oklahoma City bombing, on April 19, 1995. This tragedy resulted in widespread trauma and grief, throughout the state. A team of volunteer EMDR therapists immediately flew into Oklahoma City and worked tirelessly for several months, providing this therapy to victims, survivors and rescue workers. I was fortunate to have been in the group of 300 licensed therapists who were trained to carry on their work. As a result, I became certified in EMDR and have incorporated it into my therapy practice. It has allowed my clients to more effectively cope with and resolve a wide variety of issues and problems affecting their quality of life. EMDR continues to be one of the fastest, most valuable resources for individual healing. I am a Licensed Marital & Family Therapist, Licensed Alcohol and Drug Counselor, Master Addictions Counselor and a Certified EMDR Therapist. My practice utilizes cognitive-behavioral therapy, showing the connection between thoughts, feelings and behavior. I also offer assertiveness and stress management training, in addition to chemical dependency counseling and chemical dependency interventions.

In a safe and non threatening environment I promote emotional wellness and offer guidance over the speed bumps in life. Job loss, lack of communication with a spouse, partner, or child, someone close to you dies, a pet dies, you find your mind racing, can't make ends meet, your heart pounds and you feel you can't breathe, or perhaps you feel sad all the time, don't want to get out of bed, have no motivation, feel overwhelmed, suffer from abuse or trauma, divorce, perhaps a relative or friend is struggling and you don't know how to be there for them. Maybe you find yourself picking at your skin until it bleeds or pull your hair without realizing it. We all get stuck with life's speed bumps at some time. Based in cognitive behavioral therapy I employ an ecclectic approach to accomodate the uniqueness in every individual. In a calm atmosphere you can realize the peace, happiness and success you deserve through emotional wellness.

Faye Miller, aka, "Affordable Therapy" is a Cognitive Behavioral Therapist (Philadelphia College of Osteopathic Medicine) located at 135 S 19th St (RITTENHOUSE SQUARE) in Philadelphia, PA and 7237 Hollywood Road, FORT WASHINGTON, PA 19034. Issues Treated: Academic Concerns • Addictions and Compulsions • Anxiety • Career Choice • Communication Problems • Compulsive Spending • Shopping • Depression • Emotional Abuse • Gambling Addiction • Grief, Loss, and Bereavement • Habits • Health • Illness • Medical Issues • Infidelity • Affair Recovery • Internet Addiction • LGBT (Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, and Transgender) Issues • Midlife Crisis • Midlife Transition • Pre Marital Counseling • Self Care • Self Compassion • Self Confidence • Self Criticism • Self Doubt • Stress • Values Clarification • Women's Issues Age Groups: • Adults Approaches: • Acceptance and Commitment Therapy • Cognitive Behavioral Therapy • REBT • Mindfulness Based Approaches • Mindfulness Based Cognitive Therapy • Positive Psychology • Positive Psychotherapy • Schema Therapy • Solution Focused Therapy Methods: • Individual Therapy • Counseling • Marriage, Couples, or Relationship Counseling • Mediation • Coaching • Consultation Take the next step and contact Faye Miller for a consultation.

I have a diverse clientele with many different needs. I offer telecommunication as well as a few in office hours. Telecommunication tends to be the best fit for most due to the flexibility and convenience. I listen until it's time to offer feedback. I hold each client in unconditional regard and support for their happiness. When their happiness involves change, the client decides if they are ready to change. I support them with various techniques. such as cognitive behavioral, reflective listening, and guided imagery relaxation.

Are you finding that your relationships aren’t working so well? It can be your relationship to yourself (just not feeling good about your self), your relationship to work (such as difficulties with co-workers or a boss), or your relationships with your family and/ or partner or friends. I believe that we are always striving to move towards personal growth and health. Our work is to remove these blocks with compassion and understanding so that you can achieve the changes that you want to make. My style is an interactive one with warmth, support, insight and humor.

Although often difficult periods of change can give us opportunities to bring our lives more in alignment with what has true value and meaning for ourselves. I work with people during important transitions in their lives, for instance either starting or leaving a significant job or relationship. Communication, trust, intimacy and/ or sexual issues win your relationship? I am very comfortable working with traditional, open/ poly and queer relationships. I can assist you and your partner(s) to develop better communication and understanding around sensitive topics such as betrayal, intimacy and trust. I use an approach called EFT (Emotionally Focused Therapy) developed by Dr Sue Johnson. Clinical research shows that 90% of couples report significant improvement within 12-20 sessions of EFT. As former Director of the Eating Disorders program at Community Institute of San Rafael, Marin, I work with people who obsess that if they only had the perfect weight their lives would work out. So many of us through over dieting and body hatred have lost our connection to ourselves. The body instead of being home for our psyche/ spirit becomes the battleground. I work with clients to end their battle with food and their bodies. Look at my video describing the popular teleclass series for how to empower yourself during the holidays especially when dealing with stressors around food and family: "Empower Don't Devour!' Do you feel emotionally stuck in the past? You might be suffering from trauma. I help my clients move through past traumatic experiences using EMDR (eye movement desensitization reprocessing) This well researched method has fast and effective results in working with people suffering from trauma. I also help my clients release the cellular and muscular memory of the trauma (which is where trauma is often stored) using somatic psychotherapy. This is an approach that taps into body awareness and mindfulness, which does not involve touch. Finally I have found Depth Hypnosis to be a highly effective tool for helping my clients get out of stuck places and create the change they want.

I honor each individual's unique characteristics and strengths. In that spirit, I tailor my methods to the unique needs of the client - utilizing cognitive behavior therapy, psychodynamic, and humanistic modes. I am warm, encouraging and a strong motivator. My extensive background as a psychiatric social worker helps me to advocate for my clients and has provided me with special skills and life experiences that I bring to my psychotherapy practice. My practice includes individuals and families dealing with a large spectrum of emotional issues - and ranging in age from 5 to 97. I have special interests in bereavement therapy, trauma, life transitions, working with the elderly, and adoption/infertility counseling. I offer evening, daytime and Sunday hours. When possible, I make house calls to elderly or infirm clients in my local area. Organizational memberships include: Give an Hour, a network of therapists providing free counseling services to returning troops and their families; American Academy of Experts in Traumatic Stress. Affiliate of St. Vincent's EAP Provider Network. I am conversant in both Hebrew and Yiddish as supplementary languages.

“Talk therapy can help you become your true self. I have worked extensively with adults and have a good understanding of childhood issues.I work with individuals and families from an interpersonal approach with a focus on emotions.I believe that all people have resources to solve problems.I am easy to talk to and I have great listening skills. I have worked many years with adolescents in public education. I have had great success with them because I understand what it is like being an adolescent today. I also have an extensive background in substance abuse. I am a licensed professional counselor offering individualized services including consultation, skill development, problem solving, and individual therapy. I do substance abuse evaluations with recommendations if requested.I have 20 years working with adolescents and adults. I have expertise in substance abuse, grief issues, and gender identity. I also work well with adult men as they tend to be resistant to getting help and as a male therapist I understand their needs.I also have experience with couples and clients who are waiting for organ donation.I can accept insurances as full payment if needed and possible.”

Do you or a loved one need to see a counselor or therapist and you cannot afford the high insurance co-payment or fees set by fully licensed mental health professionals? Are you looking for high quality services that won't break the bank? Do all the cluttered thoughts in your head leave you feeling overwhelmed, like you don't even know where to begin? Does your own self-image keep you from getting the things you want? Do you ever feel like you want to make some positive changes in your marriage, but don't know where to start? Or do you just want to be better at what you do? ACF Therapy Associates is Brevard County's choice for finding lasting solutions for adults, children and families. We bring together a team of licensed therapists, registered interns and master level students who have a passion for helping you find solutions that are just right for you and your loved ones. Our clinicians have worked with thousands of individuals and families in Brevard County, Florida as well as throughout the United States and abroad providing counseling and coaching with the problems that adults, children, and families face in today's society. We offer highly individualized and private counseling as well as group therapy and educational programs in couples and relationship issues, substance abuse and addictions, depression, anxiety, family conflict, parenting issues, youth and teen problems, and behavior addictions (pornography, cybersex, sex, love, food, etc.). All of our structured programs include introduction to spirituality components. ACF Therapy Associates provides a wide range of services to address the needs of children, teens, parents, couples and families throughout Brevard County, Florida. Three of or our therapist are military veterans and understand the problems of blending military and family life. Two of our therapist have served in support of combat missions. One of therapist and one of our present master level students offer biblically oriented, Christian counseling in Melbourne, Florida.

Avedian Counseling Center offers individual, couple's, and family therapy. We are located in Sherman Oaks, Woodland Hills, Glendale, Pasadena, and Hollywood. As the owner of Anger Management 818, I oversee the operations. We facilitate anger management classes, and offer executive coaching for those who prefer a one to one modality. I supervise several Associates, and help guide them in their work with clients. The rate to work with an Associate is $150 for a 50-minute sessions. Sliding scale is offered for those in need.